Street furniture safety device

ABSTRACT

The invention provides an animal asphyxiation device comprising a housing ( 10 ) for containing an animal and a gas distribution means ( 28 ) arranged inside the housing to allow even distribution of gas throughout the housing.

The invention relates to a device for use in the asphyxiation of animals, especially birds.

There have been a number of episodes of severe animal diseases such as foot and mouth and swine fever being spread amongst populations of domestic or livestock animals. Unfortunately, after the outbreak of such diseases, it is often necessary to destroy large populations of animals, that either have the disease or that are of great risk of catching the disease for example, those that have been in contact with animals carrying the disease. This is particularly true when the disease poses a risk to humans, for example, avian influenza. Avian flu is a strain of influenza affecting birds, but that occasionally may be transmitted from birds to other species, especially swine and humans. The disease may be fatal in all such species and, hence, it is important to be able to control the spread of this disease, and of other animal diseases, by culling animals where necessary.

Livestock animals, such as cattle, swine, sheep and poultry are often kept in large numbers. Occasionally, large numbers must be destroyed in a fast and humane manner. When dealing with an outbreak of a rapidly spreading disease, like avian flu it may be necessary to destroy millions of animals very rapidly. This is often difficult to do, whilst maintaining a good welfare of the animal.

Birds are usually destroyed by asphyxiation. At present, the methods and devices available for asphyxiating birds are limited and have a number of problems. In particular, the methods require the birds to be handled repeatedly, being transferred from standard poultry containment modules to the asphyxiation containers. This is distressing for the birds and requires significant interaction between the handlers and potentially infected birds, causing a risk to the handlers' health.

The inventors have developed a device for asphyxiating animals, especially birds, that allows rapid asphyxiation of a large number of animals whilst maintaining the welfare of the animals and the health and safety of the handlers.

There is provided an animal asphyxiation device, for containing one or more animals, comprising a housing for containing an animal or a module of animals, the housing having an opening for allowing entry of an animal or a module of animals into the housing, a means for closing the opening, a gas distribution means arranged inside the housing, and a port to allow connection of the gas distribution means to a gas supply.

The housing preferably has two sides, a roof, a floor or base and two ends. The opening is preferably provided in one of the ends. The length of the sides is preferably longer than the length of the ends. The base is preferably a pallet style base allowing the housing to be lifted by a fork-lift vehicle. The housings are preferably stackable. The doors may be provided with a lock.

The device provides efficient culling of large numbers of animals and ease of use for the handlers. It has been designed to receive either uncontained animals, especially in the case of larger animals or to receive standard modules that contain animals.

A standard container or module is a container of dimensions usually used for containing animals. In particular, there is known in the art a standard module for transporting small animals, especially poultry. The housing has been designed to receive such a standard module. It is advantageous to be able to cull animals in standard modules because the animals are used to being placed in such modules and the handlers are used to placing the animals in such modules. Also, the animals may be placed into the modules from their usual containers, moved to the device of the invention and then destroyed without having to be transferred out of the module and into another container. This means that the culling can be carried out efficiently. It also minimises the distress caused to the animals as they are handled as little as possible.

The housing preferably comprises a guide device to allow the animals or module to be guided into an appropriate position in the housing to aid even gas distribution. In particular, the animal or module is guided substantially into the centre of the housing. The guide device may be any appropriate device, such as guide rails. In one embodiment, the guide device includes a rail or stopper to limit the entry of the animals or module into the housing, preventing the animals or modules from reaching or abutting the end of the housing. It may also include rails along the sides of the housing to space the animals or module from the sides. The guide rails may be parallel to the sides or may be angled to the sides. For example, the rails may be closer to the sides at the opening of the housing than at the other end of the housing. This allows the animals or modules to enter the housing through the entire width of the opening. The animals or module are then guided towards the centre of the housing by the rails which are angled away from the sides and towards the centre.

The device provides efficient distribution of gas to ensure a swift death for all of the animals within the device. In particular, the gas distribution means is arranged to allow even distribution of gas throughout the housing. Even distribution preferably means that the housing is filled with at substantially the same rate throughout its volume, or along the length of its longest side. Even distribution may also or alternatively mean that no part of the interior of the housing reaches an oxygen level low enough to cause unconsciousness of an animal substantially or significantly before another part of the housing. Preferably even distribution of gas means that all the animals in the housing become unconscious at substantially the same time or within a short time of each other. The gas distribution means may be any suitable means for distributing gas throughout the housing. The gas distribution means may be connected to a gas supply means. In particular, the gas distribution means may comprise one or more pipes or hoses to distribute the gas throughout the housing. It preferably also comprises one or more exhausts to allow the gas to be released from the pipes or hoses into the housing. It preferably comprises a plurality of exhausts. The pipes or hoses and exhausts are preferably positioned so that gas may be released into different parts of the housing at once.

The device may be used to asphyxiate any animal, in particular animals for which asphyxiation is an appropriate form of destruction. In particular the animals may be livestock animals, especially swine or poultry. The device is preferably for asphyxiating birds, especially poultry. Poultry includes, but is not limited to, chickens, turkey, geese and ducks.

The gas used to asphyxiate animals is usually CO₂ or a combination of CO₂ and argon, both of which are higher in density than air. The gas distribution means is preferably positioned in the housing so that the gas is released into the lower part of the housing, displacing the air in the housing upwards, also the direction the air will be moved by its difference in density with the asphyxiation gas. The exhausts of the gas distribution means are preferably positioned near the floor of the housing.

The housing is preferably substantially gas tight. It is, though, preferably provided with vents. The vents are preferably positioned near to, or in the roof of the housing. The vents are in the housing to allow air to escape the housing as it is displaced by the gas entering the housing. The vents are preferably provided with moveable covers that may be opened allowing air to escape during filling of the housing with gas, that can cover and/or seal the vents once the housing is full of gas. The covers may be moveable in anyway, for example, they may be hinged to the housing. The covers may be biased towards the closed position, by, for example, a spring.

The housing is preferably also provided with a port, to allow an oxygen meter to be introduced into the interior of the housing. This is to allow the oxygen level in the housing to be monitored to confirm when the level has been reduced to such a level that asphyxiation will be achieved.

The device may also comprise a gas supply means. Such a means may be any suitable means for supplying gas to the device. It may comprise a gas source, such as a gas cylinder, or may simply be a means for transferring gas from a gas source to the gas distribution means. It is preferable that the gas distribution means does not comprise the gas source, but is merely connectable to it. The gas source is preferably a gas cylinder.

In one embodiment, each manifold connects to two cylinders. The gas distribution means preferably comprises a manifold for connection to a gas source. It preferably also comprises a regulator for controlling and/or monitoring supply of gas to the gas distribution means.

When supplying gases, particularly CO₂, there can be a problem of frosting in various parts of the gas distribution means, especially in the regulator. This can mean that it is difficult to tell how much gas is left in a gas source connected to the gas distribution means. As a result, the gas source may run out of gas, without the regulator indicating that this is the case. This can result in gas supply stopping and the gas level in the housing being held at a level below that required for asphyxiation. This is clearly not desirable for a swift death for the animals. Hence, the device is preferably supplied with at least two gas supply means. As a result, alternate gas distribution means may be used each time the device is used. Each gas distribution means is generally only used a maximum of every other time the device is used. This reduces the likelihood of frosting and gives each gas distribution means a recovery time, so the gas distribution means may defrost between uses. Also, if supply through one gas distribution means is stopped because of frosting or exhaustion of supply, the other gas distribution means may be used immediately, to reduce the time during which supply is interrupted. Further, when each manifold is connectable to two gas cylinders or other gas sources, the problem of frosting is reduced even more as the four cylinders may be used in rotation.

The device will now be described in detail, by way of example only, with reference to the figures in which:

FIG. 1 shows a plan of the interior of the housing.

FIG. 2 shows a view of the interior of the housing, from the opening.

FIG. 3 shows an external view of the device.

The device 5 comprises a housing 10 of an appropriate size to receive the animals to be asphyxiated. In one embodiment, the housing is sized to receive a standard module of baskets for containing animals, especially poultry. An opening 12 is defined in the housing, such that the animals can enter the housing. The housing is provided with one or more doors 14 to cover the opening. The doors may have a seal, so that when closed, the housing is substantially air tight.

Inside the housing, there is provided a guidance means, in particular guide rails 16, to enable the animal or module to be positioned centrally within the housing. This helps to ensure an even circulation of gas around the animal or module.

The housing has a pallet-style base, having a number of feet 18 to raise the base of the housing off the ground. This allows a fork lift vehicle to be used to lift and move the housing. The housing is also arranged so that it may be stacked on top of another housing.

The housing is provided with vents 20 or other openings to allow air to be released when gas is introduced into the housing. The vents are, in one embodiment, in the roof of the housing. Each vent has a cover 22 arranged to lie over the vent. In one example, the cover is attached to the housing by a hinge on one side, allowing the cover to be forced off the vent by increasing the pressure inside the housing when gas is introduced, and hence allowing air to escape. The cover is arranged to seal the vent, unless gas pressure within the housing is sufficient to open the cover.

The housing is also provided with a port 24, through which an oxygen meter may be passed, to test the oxygen level in the housing.

The housing is provided with two brackets 26, one on the outside of the housing and one on the inside of the housing, on which a gas supply unit may be mounted.

The housing is also provided with a gas distribution means 28, comprising a port to allow connection of the means to a gas supply, piping 30 to transport the gas around the housing and one or more exhausts 32 to allow escape of the gas from the piping into the housing. In a particular embodiment, there are eight exhausts arranged at intervals along the piping to ensure even distribution of gas. The gas distribution means is mounted inside the housing, close to the floor of the housing.

The device may also comprise a gas supply means 34. In a particular embodiment, the gas supply means comprises a manifold 36, for connection to one or more gas cylinders, and a regulator 38 for monitoring and controlling the flow of gas. In a preferred embodiment, the device comprises two such gas supply means.

The housing may be any appropriate size. In a particular embodiment it has the following dimensions: length is approximately 3 m; width is approximately 1.5 m, height is approximately 1.6 m. 

1. An electrical isolation system specifically adapted for use in street furniture having an electrical supply to working electrical components, the system including an impact sensor located in use within the street furniture and a monitoring unit and an electrical isolator located in use remote from the street furniture, wherein when the impact sensor is activated a signal is sent to the monitoring unit which sends a signal to the electrical isolator to disconnect the electrical supply to the working components of the street furniture.
 2. An electrical isolation system according to claim 1 characterised in that when the electrical supply to the working components of the street furniture is disconnected the electrical supply to the impact sensor is also disconnected.
 3. An electrical isolation system according to claim 1 characterised in that the monitoring unit includes a visual indicator of the status of the impact sensor.
 4. An electrical isolation system according to claim 1 characterised in that the monitoring unit includes a visual indicator of the status of the electrical supply to the working components of the street furniture.
 5. An electrical isolation system according to claim 1 characterised in that the monitoring unit includes a reset switch for the electrical supply to the impact sensor.
 6. An electrical isolation system according to claim 1 characterised in that the monitoring unit maintains the signal to the isolator to disconnect the electrical supply to the working components of the street furniture until it receives a signal from the impact sensor to indicate that it has been replaced or reset.
 7. An electrical isolation system according to claim 1 characterised in that the monitoring unit further includes connections for connection to a telemetry system such that activation of any impact sensor can be notified to a remote control room.
 8. An electrical isolation system according to claim 1 characterised in that the monitoring unit further includes the ability to monitor other features of the street furniture for failure or errors.
 9. An electrical isolation system according to claim 1 characterised in that the impact sensor is an accelerometer.
 10. An electrical isolation system according to claim 1 characterised in that the electrical isolator is a multi-pole circuit breaker.
 11. A method of providing electrical isolation in street furniture having an electrical supply to working electrical components, in the event that the street furniture is damaged, the method including the steps of: a) sensing an impact suffered by the street furniture; b) sending a signal to indicate that an impact has occurred to a monitoring unit at a location remote from the street furniture; c) the monitoring unit acting to disconnect the electrical supply to the street furniture at the location remote from the street furniture.
 12. A method according to claim 11 characterised in that it further includes the step of the monitoring unit acting to disconnect the electrical supply to the impact sensor when the impact occurs.
 13. A method according to claim 11 characterised in that it further includes the step of activating a visual indicator on the monitoring unit to indicate the status of the impact sensor.
 14. A method according to claim 11 characterised in that it further includes the step of activating a reset switch on the monitoring unit to restore the electrical supply to the impact sensor once the impact sensor has been reset or replaced.
 15. A method according to claim 11 characterised in that the monitoring unit continues to act to disconnect the electrical supply to the street furniture until such time as a signal is received from the impact sensor to indicate that it has been reset or replaced.
 16. Street Furniture having an electrical supply to working electrical components and including an electrical isolation system according to claim
 1. 17. Street Furniture having an electrical supply to working electrical components and including an electrical isolation system which operates in accordance with the method of claim
 1. 